The city’s Hispanic majority, news media reach and air links to Latin America have made it an ideal base for politicians escaping their home countries.

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Mr. Cárdenas, the only son of a Mexican president, never won the office but became a leading figure in the country’s democratic transformation.

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President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva’s re-election ended a string of victories by right-wing candidates in Latin America. His opponent, Flávio Bolsonaro, fled Brazil for the United States.

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President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva triumphed over Flávio Bolsonaro, the eldest son of the right-wing leader he defeated four years ago.

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Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, the leftist incumbent, and Flávio Bolsonaro, the right-wing challenger, face off in a narrow race that could redefine the future of Latin America.

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