Waymo argued that fully autonomous vehicles aren't possible without using a mix of sensors and warned that pure end-to-end AI systems aren't safe enough.
Test drivers for Waymo and Zoox sustained more than two dozen injuries in 2024 and 2025 from hard braking or other sudden movements made by the autonomous vehicles, according to a TechCrunch review of data submitted to OSHA.
In one crash, the driver of a 2024 Blazer EV said they had to "deliberately steer the vehicle into a concrete curb" to slow it down and avoid a "catastrophic intersection collision."
The security review is being performed by the Idaho National Laboratory, and the research is being funded by a company -- or a group of companies -- in the electric and autonomous vehicle industries.